Skincare is the practice of keeping the skin clean, protected, and balanced. It helps maintain the skin’s natural function, prevent common issues such as dryness or irritation, and reduce the effects of sun exposure over time.
This article introduces the basics of skincare. It covers how to understand skin type and how to build a simple routine using three essential steps: cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection.
Step One: Know Your Skin Type
The first step in skincare is identifying your skin type. This helps in choosing the right products and building a routine that works. Using the wrong type of product can lead to dryness, irritation, or breakouts, even if the routine is simple. There are five common skin types:
Normal skin
Balanced, with no major dryness or oiliness. Pores are not very visible, and the skin feels comfortable.
Dry skin
Lacks moisture. It may feel tight, rough, or flaky, especially after washing. It can be more sensitive to cold or dry weather.
Oily skin
Produces excess oil, especially on the forehead, nose, and chin. The skin may look shiny, and pores can appear larger. Oily skin is more likely to develop blackheads or acne.
Combination skin
Has both dry and oily areas. The T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) is often oily, while the cheeks may be dry or normal.
Sensitive skin
Reacts easily to products, weather, or other triggers. It may feel itchy, sting, or turn red. Fragrance, strong ingredients, or even heat and cold can cause discomfort.
Step Two: Build a Simple Routine
A basic skincare routine includes three essential steps: cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection. These form the core of daily skin care. Other steps can be added if needed, but they are not part of the basics.
1. Cleanse
Cleansing removes sweat, oil, and other buildup from the skin’s surface. This helps keep the pores clear and allows the skin to function properly.
- Start by choosing a cleanser that suits your skin type. Product labels usually state whether the formula is designed for oily, dry, combination, or sensitive skin.
- Cleanse once or twice a day, depending on your needs and comfort.
- Use lukewarm water and gently pat the skin dry with a clean towel.
2. Moisturize
Moisturizing helps the skin retain water and supports the natural barrier that protects against dryness and irritation.
- Choose a moisturizer suited to your skin type. Products for dry skin are typically richer and more hydrating, while those for oily skin are lighter and less likely to block pores.
- Apply after cleansing while the skin is still slightly damp.
- Use once or twice a day, depending on the skin’s needs.
3. Protect
Sun protection reduces the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which contributes to early skin aging, uneven tone, and increased risk of skin cancer. In sunscreens, SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It indicates how well the product blocks UVB rays—the type of radiation that causes sunburn. For example, SPF 30 filters about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 filters about 98%.
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, and choose a formula that matches your skin type. Creams work well for dry skin, while lighter or oil-free options are better for oily or acne-prone skin.
- Apply as the final step in the morning routine.
- Reapply if exposed to sunlight for long periods.
Skin Care Mistakes to Avoid as a Beginner
Avoid using products around the eyes
Unless a product is made specifically for the eye area, do not apply it near the eyes. The skin in that area is thinner and more sensitive.
Stop using a product if it causes irritation
If a product causes burning, redness, or discomfort, stop using it. Testing a small amount on the skin before full use can help reveal whether the product causes a reaction.
Do not overspend
Skincare products do not have to be expensive. Focus on choosing products that match your skin type and needs.
Summary
This article covered the basic steps of skincare. The goal is to provide clear, essential information to help you start your skincare routine. While the basics are covered here, skincare is a broad subject, and individual goals or problems can vary. These are not addressed in this article. If you have specific concerns or personal goals, it is best to consult a dermatologist. This is not a substitute for professional advice.
